![]() Please note that some readers may find the descriptions upsetting-such experiments were more commonplace in the ’60s and ’70s, but they would likely meet lots of resistance from activists and the general public today. These experiments will be described in detail below. The initial experiments that formed the basis for this theory were conducted in the late 1960s and early 1970s by psychologists Martin Seligman and Steven Maier. Martin Seligman’s Experiments That Led to the Theory It is a learned behavior, conditioned through experiences in which the subject either truly has no control over his circumstances or simply perceives that he has no control. No one is born believing that they have no control over what happens to them and that it is fruitless even to try gaining control. This phenomenon is called learned helplessness because it is not an innate trait. When humans or other animals start to understand (or believe) that they have no control over what happens to them, they begin to think, feel, and act as if they are helpless. Eventually, after enough conditioning, the animal will stop trying to avoid the pain at all-even if there is an opportunity to truly escape it. Learned helplessness is a phenomenon observed in both humans and other animals when they have been conditioned to expect pain, suffering, or discomfort without a way to escape it (Cherry, 2017). ![]() What Is Learned Helplessness? A Psychological Definition Relevant Tests, Scales, and Questionnaires.A Possible Cure-Potential Treatments for Children and Adults.Learned Helplessness in Relationships and Domestic Violence. ![]() It’s Most Likely to be Associated With.Examples of Learned Helplessness in Humans.Martin Seligman’s Experiments That Led to the Theory. ![]()
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